Elements are constructed of high quality material using modern techniques to construct the hot junction. Other high quality components are designed to meet rugged requirements. Mullite protection pipes are impervious to gases at high temperature. They have good resistance to thermal shock but poor resistance to mechanical shock; they should be mounted vertically.

Aluminum oxide protection tubes have fair resistance to thermal shock and mechanical shock. They are impervious to gases up to 3200°F.

Primary metal industry, heat treat furnaces, forging furnaces and bright annealing. Suitable for ceramics and glass industries. Semi-conductor manufacturing and research laboratories.